Hardware

Hardware

Definition of hardware

         Hardware refers to the assembly into the computer. Total peripheral Related to computers, we can see and touch the screen, keyboard and mouse, so the machine, personal computers typically include other hardware.
         1. The unit (Case) acts on the part of processing the data received from various input devices. The inside of the device, including the motherboard, power supply, CPU, memory, hard disk video card, sound card, and so on.
         2. Monitor (Monitor) function display pictures.
         3. Disk (Disk drive) is a device to read - write data on the diskette.
         4. Keyboard (Keyboard) serves as input to the computer.
         5. Mouse (Mouse) is used to work with point and choose the things that are displayed on the screen.
         6. Speaker (Speaker) is a display that is sound.

Computer Components

By the function of the hardware can be divided into 5 key parts.
         1. Unit received information (Input Unit) to receive commands. And data into computer
         2. CPU (Central Processing Unit - CPU) acts on both logical and mathematical calculations. Including data processing orders received.
         3. Memory (Memory Unit) is responsible for storing data or commands sent from the data. For further delivery to the processor to processor. And store the results of the process are to be sent to the display unit.
         4. Display (Output Unit) serves to illustrate the data processing computer. Or through the calculation
         5. Other peripherals (Peripheral Equipment) is a device that is connected to the computer. To improve performance even more like a modem motherboard network connections and so on.

Government information (Input Unit).

Hardware that acts as a receiver unit contains a wide variety of devices.
         1. Keyboard (Keyboard) and receive information from the press, and then make changes to the code. To tell the computer that you are pressing the letter. Panel key character is largely based on the typewriter. This system is used in the computer code character code 7 or 8 bits (Operator).

 2. Mouse (Mouse) input device by moving the mouse pointer to force it to use the mouse on the screen, there are 3 types.
         - Mechanically (Mechanical) spherical roller.
         - Optical (Optical mouse).

         - Wireless (Wireless Mouse) the image.

3. Scanner (Scanner) is an input device that documents, images or photos scanners can be divided into three categories.
         - Drop paper (Sheet-Fed Scanner) scanners will pick up the paper and slowly scroll through the pages to scan, which is.

         - A platform bed (Flatbed scanner) scanner is a mechanism similar to the copier. Suitable for use with either a single sheet of paper documents and booklets.

 4. touchpad (Touch Pads) is an input device by a finger touch on the touch pad. Submit to the weight to be converted into electrical signals. Often seen in notebook computers.

 5. Digital (Digital Camera) is an input device to a computer. Image data can be converted to a digital signal. Looks like a typical camera. But the difference is that it does not require film to record the data. Image data can be copied to your computer and can be retrieved instantly. Or use photo editing application allows you to look up.

Memory (Memory Unit).

         A storage unit to work as quickly as possible. Which can be classified according to use 2 types.

         1. Memory (Main Memory) or the internal memory (Internal Memory) can be divided into two types.

         - ROM (Read Only Memory - ROM) is a program or data memory already. Can run off to work but can not write more. And even if there is no power supply to the system is not lost.

         - RAM (Random Access Memory) is a memory that can store data when power supply only. When there is no power to feed data in memory will be lost immediately.

         2. The secondary memory (Second Memory) or external memory (External Memory) is a memory that requires media and devices - including data types.

         - HDD (Hard Disk) that acts as a hardware store information on your computer. The application of various documents, including the operating system is a program to keep control of the computer.

         - Floppy disk (Floppy Disk) is a storage device that measures 3.5 inches with a thin wooden disc Millar (Mylar) can be for only 1.44 MB only.

         - CD (Compact Disk - CD) is a digital media device. A medium-sized high capacity. Ideal for multimedia data CD-ROM made of plastic coated with a thin circular polycarbonate (Poly Carbonate) surface as it reflects light. The record is a single line (Single Track) with a diameter of 120 mm, the CD are several types of CD (Audio CD) VCD (Video CD - VCD) CD - R (CD Recordable - CD-R. ) CD - R W. (CD-Rewritable - CD-RW) and DVD (Digital Video Disk - DVD).

         - Remover Arthurian drives (Removable Drive) is a data storage device that does not have to drive (Drive) can take it by connecting it to a computer with Port USB current capacity of removing the Arthurian drive there. from 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 to 1024 megabytes are also drive the same way. Known among other names, including Pen Drive, Thump Drive, Flash Drive.

         - Zip drive (Zip Drive) is a media to replace the floppy disk with a capacity of 100 megabytes, which use the Zip drive must use the Zip disk (Zip Disk) the ability to store data of Zip disks are. store more data than floppy disks

         - Magnetic optical Disk Drive as a storage medium, which has a 3.5-inch size as a floppy disk. But the capacity for more than MO Disk drive 1 The data sheet can be from 128 MB to 5.2 GB.

         - Tape Backup (Tape Backup) is a device for backup. It is useful for backup of very large size of 10-100 gigabytes.

         - Memory cards (Memory Card) is a small storage device developed to apply to technology devices such as digital cameras, handheld computers (Personal Data Assistant - PDA), mobile phones, etc.

CPU (Central Processing Unit - CPU).

         The central processing unit, or CPU Known as the processor (Processor) or chips (chip) is equipped with most of the hardware. It is responsible for processing the data entered by the user. Into the input device based on a set of instructions or programs that users want to use. Central processor Consists of three parts:

         1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (Arithmetic & Logical Unit: ALU) Arithmetic logic. Functions as a calculator on the computer. By working on mathematical calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and also one that is capable of no calculators are capable of logical science refers to the ability to compare the conditions. And mathematical rules To get the answer to that condition is true or false.

         2. Control (Control Unit) control unit controls the processing sequence. Including coordination with the input device. Display device And memory backup CPUs available in the market include Pentium III, Pentium 4, Pentium M (Centrino), Celeron, Dulon, Athlon.

Display units (Output Unit).

         As an output device (Output device) serve to show the results when the CPU processing.

         1. Monitor (Monitor) is a device that displays an image. Currently divided into two types of monitors CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) monitors and LCD (Liquid Crystal Display).

         2. Printer (Printer) is a device that displays the results in the form of a character or image to be displayed on the paper is divided into 4 types of printer dot matrix Maitland (Dot Matrix Printer) inkjet printer. (Ink-Jet Printer) laser (Laser Printer) and plotter (Plotter).

         3. Speaker (Speaker) as output devices in the form of sound. Can be connected to a computer via the Sonic Circuits (Sound card), which converts digital data into sound.

software

Software is?

The necessity of using the software

               Software (software) refers to a set of instructions or programs used to operate the computer. Software refers to the sequence of steps that are written by the command of the computer. These commands are arranged in a computer program. As we all know now how computers work orders. The basic operation is simply to act on information as binary numbers. The data are used instead of numbers, letters, pictures or even to speech time.

A computer program used to work as a computer software. Because the sequence of the computer. One computer to work with many different software, different. The software is meant to include all types of computer programs that make the computer work.

We see we have a lot of computer work. Because we have developed a computer program to operate a computer. Stores may use accounting is complex. Ticket sales company providing computerized ticketing system. Computers in the business and banks that have many different computer and print documents to a stunning example of a computer to perform a tremendous benefit to the software. The software is an important part of the computer system. If the software does not work. Software, so it is necessary And more importantly, And a component of the system is going to be needed.

Software and computer languages.

              If men want to use a computer at work. Man must tell the computer where algorithms. To tell the computer to recognize the human understanding. And working correctly Require a mediator Compared with daily life. We have used language to communicate with each other. Likewise, if people want to convey to the computer to recognize and act upon. To be a medium for the interface to the computer to recognize. We call this medium that language.

As computers with an electrical signal. Represented by the numbers 0 and 1 is a computer designed using the numbers 0 and 1 is the code for the command to run the computer. Code representation of data and commands using the binary system. Computer can understand We called binary elements in a set of instructions and use the computer that much.

Using this machine, the computer will immediately understand. But human users will have much trouble. It is difficult to understand and remember Is there a computer in the form of a letter. The sentences Such language is called. High level computer language There are many high-level language Some languages are more suited to the command of math and science. Some languages are appropriate to the execution of data management.

In the computer Computer to translate high-level language into machine language. Therefore, it has developed a computer program for high-level computer language into machine language. The program uses a high-level computer language into machine language called compiler (compiler) or pre-router interface. (interpreter)

The compiler will translate programs written in high level language program into machine language before. Then the computer running the machine language.

The pre-router interface will be translated by the command. Then the computer to follow instructions. When finished, it will translate to the next command. The difference between the compiler and interpreter pre-router is in the translation of the entire program or translation of a statement. Translator known as BASIC interpreter. COBOL compiler

This kind of software

             Among the software or computer program is developed to use the computer a lot. These software may be developed by the users themselves. Or the development of Or manufacturer If the software division of the working conditions. The software is divided into two types: system software (system software) and application software (application software).

software The software vendor created to manage the system. Functions of the software system is a basic operation of a computer system, such as the data from the keypad characters and interpret the computer understands. The data to be displayed on a monitor or released to the printer. Management information system data files on the secondary memory.

When we turn on the computer As soon as the power supply to the computer. The computer will run the program, The first application is a computer running the software system. The software may be stored in ROM. Or on magnetic disc If no system software PC will not work

The software system is also used as a tool for development of other software and also includes the software used to translate different languages.

application Software The software is used for the various needs of users. That can be used directly. Currently, the development of various software released much. So extensive and pervasive computing applications. We may be divided into two groups: the application software. software successfully And software developed specific applications. At present there are many software packages such as word processing software. Spreadsheet software, etc.

Software System

                Computer consist of input output units, memory and processor. In the computer is required to operate the equipment as needed basis. Therefore, the software system used to manage the system. The main functions of the software system consists of

Used in the management unit of input and output units such as pressing different keys on the keypad characters. Send a letter to a monitor or printer. Contact Input Devices And other output devices such as mouse, sound synthesis.

Used to manage memory. The data from the main memory card packaging. Or vice versa The data from the main memory is stored in the memory.

Used as an interface between the user and the computer. Can be easily used as a directory list in memory. Copy file

Software based systems commonly seen. There is an operating system And translators This causes two types of software application development easier.

operating System

operating System Also referred to as OS (Operating System: OS) is the software used in computer systems. All computers have the software operating system. The operating system is the most widely used and well-known as DOS (Disk Operating System: DOS) Windows (Windows) OS II (OS / 2) Linux (UNIX).

1) DOS is a software system that developed long ago. Then use the command as a character. DOS software is well known among computer users.

2) Windows is an operating system developed from DOS. To highlight the work easier. Can run multiple applications simultaneously. Each task is framed by the window displayed on the screen. Using the graphical form. The user can use the mouse to move the cursor to select a location on the screen. Make the computer easier to use Windows service that is popular today.

3) OS Two operating systems as well as Windows. The company is developing IBM The operating system that allows users to run multiple applications simultaneously. And use it as a graphical as well as Windows.

4) UNIX operating system that evolved from the use of this mini computer. Operating system UNIX operating system that can run multiple applications simultaneously. And perform multiple tasks at the same time. UNIX is used with a link and a chill multiple destinations simultaneously.

There are many operating systems The operating system used in computer networks. To make the computer work together as a system, such as NetWare operating system. Windows NT

Translator

In software development, software is needed for the high-level language. The high-level language into machine language. There are many high-level language These high level language created to allow the programmer to write a set of instructions are easy to understand and can update the software later.

High-level language developed to be a translator for translation. High-level language, which is known and very popular today, such as Pascal, BASIC programming language, and Logo.

1) Pascal is a computer in the form of a structure. Computing a written procedure. Authors can divide the work into small pieces and then combined into a larger program.

2) BASIC language with syntax hassle. To learn and understand. Have formed the basic commands that can be written as a sequence program.

3) language is the language that is suitable for use in other software development language is the language of structural flexibility for programming a computer to communicate with other devices.

4) Logo is ideal for learning and understanding of the Logo was developed for children.

Besides the already mentioned languages There is a computer language used in the present many languages such as Fortran, COBOL IBM RPG.

Software Documentation

          The computer technology has developed rapidly. Only by a small computer. Therefore the use of agile. It is now able to bring a small computer. Ready to use in a different place.

The computer must have software applications ranging software application. This could be achieved with the development of software applications to make work easier. Or it could be software only. The user interface is developed in order to suit the conditions of their work.

software successfully

Among the software applications that are commonly used. Software package (package) is a software that is used is very high. Software is a software development company based success. Then put on sale To allow users to buy directly. Do not waste time to develop the software. Software packages available in the market. And popular, the user has five major groups, word processing software (word processing software) software function table (spread sheet software) database management software (data base management software) software offers. (presentation software), and data communications software (data communication software).

1) word processing software Is a software application for printing documents can edit, add, insert, delete and format documents as well. The document is printed in the data file. Call for printing or editing a new one. Printing on a printer, there is a character in a variety of formats. It looks neat, beautiful document Nowadays, with the empowerment of many word processing software. Popular word processing software in the industry such as CU writer Edward Ivins Lotus Ami Pro.

2) Software Operating Table Is software that allows for calculation. The software running the table The principle of virtual work desk with a large paper placed. There are tools like calculators, pens, erasers and prepared to finish. On paper, a box to enter a number. Text or formula Can be calculated according to the formula or conditions. The software can work table processing applications other figures widely used spreadsheet software such as Excel, Lotus works.

3) database management software Computing is the use of data. And deal with the data stored in the computer. Need a data management software. Crawl many issues related to the computer. I called a database Database management software refers to software that helps to keep. Exploring the use of a report on the conclusions from the data. Database management software that is used as a major process based Paradox Fox bass.

4) Presentation Software The software used for data presentation. The display must be able to attract. This software is the software that can display text in a way that is meaningful, it is easy to generate charts, graphs and photos are examples of presentation software such as Power Point. Lotus Freelance Harvard Graphics Card

5) data communications software Data communications software refers to software that allows the computer to communicate with another computer in the remote location. Through a phone line Communications software used to connect to a computer network such as the Internet makes it possible to use additional services can be used to send and receive electronic mail. Using file transfer The exchange of information sharing is also used to connect into a minicomputer or mainframe. To run from them. Data communications software with many popular software such as Prokom Crosstalk pouring lip.

Specific software

Applications with software packages tend to emphasize common use. But may be applied directly to the business, some are not. For example, in the bank The deposits Of accounting Or in the mall, they have to sell. Issuing receipts Inventory control Therefore, the development of software applications specifically for each application to meet the needs of individual users.

The software is a software developer to work or to study the needs of businesses that already prepared. Basically it is a many common software to work together. The software used in the business such as accounting systems. Distribution System Systems in industrial plants financial Management And leasing

The needs of computer use in business applications has increased greatly. Therefore, the demand for software developers to develop specific applications and much more